Pest and Disease Control

      Introduction -- see numerous links to other state recommendations, etc.
      Pesticide Concerns and the FQPA
      Diseases and Physiological Disorders
      Insects
      Weeds
      Introduction

      Oregon/PNW pest management recommendations are available from various online sources including PNW Online Guide to Plant Disease Control , PNW Insect Management Handbook and PNW Weed Management Handbook. Since the Handbooks are usually updated only periodically, suggestions may be technically and legally outdated. Furthermore, many recommendations may apply only to the Pacific Northwest. Obtain and follow current label directions for all agrichemicals.

      Numerous links under Related Sites, Pests and Diseases  and Pesticides contain descriptive and control recommendations for other producing regions. For example, The University of Maine provides outstanding online pest management guidelines for diseases and weeds as well as suggestions for seedpiece treatment, sprout control and vine killing in the Maine Pest Management Guide; Clemson University maintains a useful site for potato pest management at Pest Management Handbook (Clemson U. (See Commercial Vegetables, Irish Potatoes). The Ohio State University provides pest control information for most crops through Ohioline.Clicking on vegetables and then potatoes while in Ohioline will provide a dozen or so full-color disease control publications. Alberta potato growers can find excellent treatment of diseases and all other aspects of production and storage at Potato Production in Alberta, a topnotch, comprehensive site. Pest control recommendations for almost any producing region in North America, or the world, can be found in one of the sites linked under  Related Websites in the PIE. See also  CSREES State Ag Partners, and other website listings under Diseases, Insects, and Weeds,  below.

      Always consult and strictly follow a current label when using pesticides.  Most Agrichemical Companies listed under Related Sites in the PIE typically supply on-line versions of current labels for their particular products. If you don't know the manufacturer, go to CDMS--Agrichemical Database or  C&P Press Greenbook or similar sites and type the product name in the slots provided to identify the manufacturer and/or pull up a full-text label. Labels are typically in the form of PDF files and will require the use of Adobe Acrobat Reader, downloadable free of charge, for reading and printing. Always follow a current label when using pesticides.

      Use pesticides Safely!! Wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label. Bathe or shower after each use.  Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use. Don't become a neighborhood nuisance by contributing to herbicide drift onto sensitive crops.

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      Pesticide Concerns
      Food quality protection and the associated potential loss of pesticides are of great concern to all ag professionals.  The following sites contain useful information on the Food Quality Protection Act and related topics. See also  FQPA/Pesticides ,  Pesticides , and  Agrichemicals in this website.
       
      • EPA's Fed. Register
      • EXTOXNET (toxicology info)
      • Washington Pesticide Page


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      Diseases and Physiological Disorders
      Images, Descriptions, Symptoms
      Late Blight Pages and Telephone Hotlines
      Disease Control Recommendations
      Disease-Related Websites
      Physiological Disorders
       

      A wealth of information on identification and control of potato diseases is readily available at various WWW sites. For your convenience, links shown here may enter target pages toward the middle or bottom and bypass important information on other topics and crops. We encourage you to investigate all linked pages thoroughly as time permits. Be certain to scroll to the bottom and study any lists of additional recommended sites since interesting new examples are added daily.

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      Images, Descriptions, Symptoms

      UC IPM--Potatoes at Davis, California provides pictures and fairly complete generic control recommendations for most diseases, insects, and weeds affecting potatoes. Entering the site at the UCIPM Front Door will provide similar information for dozens of other crops. The Oregon State University
      Online Guide to Plant Disease Control similarly provides pictures, descriptions and PNW control recommendations for most diseases of potato and other crops. Directions for navigating the site are provided. Other broadbased sites include the Idaho Plant Disease Reporter, Idaho Potato Disease Problems, and Plant Pathology Internet Guide. The latter is extremely comprehensive with useful sections on weeds and biotechnology as well as diseases.

      See also Disease-Related Websites below for more images, descriptions and control recommendations.



      Late Blight Pages and Hotlines

      Several universities and other organizations now sponsor late blight hot lines and web sites. The following list is probably obsolete as it is being prepared. Check these sites often for additional new links.



      State                                      Telephone Hot Lines                              Web Sites

      • American Phytopath. Soc.                                                      Am. Phytopath. Soc. -- excellent historical info, more
      • Colorado                                       970-491-4278
      • Florida                                           904-692-2882                 University of Florida -- several pest/disease alerts
      • Idaho                                             800-791-7195                 Uof Idaho, Southern Idaho -- disease monitoring
                                                                                                              U. of Idaho -- general info, control methods, etc.
      • North Dakota/Minnesota                888-482-7286                 NDSU Plant Path -- disease monitoring
                                                                                                              Late Blight, NDSU -- comprehensive descriptions, more
      • Maine                                             207-760-9ipm                 Univ. of Maine -- numerous pest/disease alerts
      • Michigan                                        888-379-9012                  Mich. State Univ. -- disease monitoring
      • Minnesota                                      888-335-8636                 Late Blight, U of Minn -- disease monitoring and more
      • Montana                                         406-994-3150 (Certified Seed Office)
      • North Dakota                                 888-GTBRAVO
      • Ohio                                               614-292-5006
      • Oregon                                           541-881-8467 (Ontario)       OSU Malheur Exp. Station -- monitoring, recommendations
                                                                       800-705-3377 (Hermiston)  
      • Pennsylvania                                    800-PENN-IPM
      • Prince Edward Island                       902-368-5658
      • Wales (Dave Shaw)                                                                U of Wales, Bangor
      • Washington                                      800-984-7400
      • Wisconsin                                                                               Univ. of Wisconsin -- monitoring, more; outstanding  site

      Disease Control Recommendations

      Oregon/PNW disease control recommendations, descriptions, and pictures are available at PNW Online Guide to Plant Disease Control.

      Onlilne control recommendations for other producing regions are also readily available at sites such as maintained by the University of Maine (Maine Pest Management Guide), Clemson University (Pest Management Handbook, Clemson U), The Ohio State University (Ohioline), by the Province of Alberta (Potato Production in Alberta) and elsewhere. See Additional Disease Related Sites below. Clemson University provides an especially good site for all potato pests at Pest Management Handbook (Clemson U.). The Ohio State University provides pest control information for most crops through Ohioline.Clicking on vegetables and then potatoes while in Ohioline will provide a dozen or so full-color disease control publications. Pest control recommendations for almost any producing region in North America can be found in one or more of the sites linked under  Related Websites in the PIE.

      As you study the control recommendations, bear in mind that proper rotations, field selection, sanitation, spacing, and fertilizer and irrigation practices can reduce the risk of many diseases. Fields can be tested for the presence of harmful nematodes. Using seed from reputable  sources reduces risk from seedborne diseases.

      Because University recommendations are often outdated due to limited resources, be certain to check current labels before using any pesticide. Current labels are typically available at the following and other on-line sources:

      • CDMS--Agrichemical Database -- Links to virtually all companies and full text for most labels.
      • C&P Press Greenbook -- similar to above; excellent
      • Pesticide Center Online (WSU) -- labels, other useful info


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      Physiological Disorders

      External

      • Bruise Prevention (Idaho)
      • Causes of External Disorders (Neb.) -- A summary table
      • Chain Tubers (Neb.)
      • Cracking (Neb.)
      • Deformations (Neb.)
      • Greening (Neb.)
      • Hair Sprouting (Neb.)
      • "Little Tuber" Disorder (Neb.)
      • Swollen Lenticels (Neb.)

        Internal

      • Blackheart (Neb.)
      • Bruise Prevention (Idaho)
      • Causes of Internal Disorders (Neb.) -- A summary table
      • Chilling Injury (Neb.)
      • Freezing (Neb.)
      • Heat Necrosis (Neb.)
      • Heat Sprouting (Neb.)
      • Hollow Heart (Neb.)
      • Jelly End (Neb.)
      • Vascular Discoloration (Neb.)


      Additional Disease-Related Websites
       

      •  Diseases
      • Integrated Pest Management
      • Pesticides
      • Organic Production
      • Agrichemical Suppliers
      • Production Management
      • Potatoes, General


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      Insects
      Images, Descripitons, Injury
      Control Recommendations
      Related Websites

      Potatoes are attacked by a large number of insects, including several which damage tubers in the field or storage. Foliar-feeding insects can be roughly divided into chewing, sucking or rasping types based on feeding techniques. Control measures may differ considerably among the three. Insecticides which provide good control for chewing insects such as the Colorado Potato Beetle, for example, may actually increase aphid populations due to adverse effects on aphid predator populations. Carbaryl (Sevin) and certain pyrethroids fall into this category. Applying such materials without an accompanying aphicide can lead to total crop losses due to aphids and viruses. A clear understanding of species controlled is an important aspect of any insect control program.

      A number of good insecticides are available for potatoes. Some systemic types applied at planting or sidedressed post-emergence (Temik, Admire, Furadan, Thimet, Disyston) can provide good control of most insects for prolonged periods. Systemic insecticides are highly desirable in most situations because they are convenient to use, persistent, predator-friendly, and typically gentle to the environment. Soil-applied insecticides obviously are not subject to atmospheric drift onto non-target areas and have only mild, indirect effects on predators and other non-target species. As with nitrogen, care should be taken to minimize leaching of soil-applied pesticides by avoiding overirrigation at all times.

      Wireworms can be devastating if not controlled, especially following susceptible crops including some grasses. Control is typically achieved by broadcasting and incorporating insecticides such as Mocap and Diazinon either before or at planting. Unlike other Oregon producing areas, potatoes in the Willamette Valley are often severely damaged by the larval stage of the tuber flea beetle (as opposed to the potato flea beetle). Adult tuber flea beetles typically lay eggs near the base of the plant well into the growing season. Therefore, control is based largely on controlling the adults as necessary. Materials used for other important beetles affecting potatoes will also control the tuber flea beetle.


      Images, Descriptions, Injury

      A number of web sites, including those in the following list,  provide excellent images and descriptions of potato insects.
       

      • Potato Insects, Oregon
      • UC Davis IPM Home Page
      • Clemson University Pest Management Handbook  -- click on "Irish Potatoes" for disease, weed, insect control recs.
      • Potato Pests (Kentucky)
      • Radcliffe's IPM World Textbook -- covers many crops
      • U. of Idaho Insect Info. -- provides a "keyed" search engine for id. purposes
      • Vegetable Insects, Id. & Control (Clemson U.)



      Control Recommendations

      General:

      It is important to bear in mind that pesticide recommendations for one state, region, or country may not be legal in another. Further, University recommendations are often outdated even before they are printed due to limited resources. Always follow current label directions when using pesticides.

      The  PNW Insect Management Handbook presents current/recent recommended management practices for most insects of potatoes and other commercial vegetables in the Pacific Northwest. Similar recommendations are available from various sources in other potato-producing regions (Maine Pest Management Guide, Pest Management Handbook (Clemson U; Potato Production in Alberta, etc.).

      Full-text labels for most pesticides are typically available online at CDMS--Agrichemical Database, C&P Press Greenbook, the  Pesticide Center Online (WSU) and similar sites.

      Proper rotations, field selection, and choice of variety can minimize problems with insects.

      The following sites, among many others, provide general recommendations for identifying and controlling potato insects.
       
       

      •  PNW Insect Control Handbook
      • Potato Insects, Oregon
      • UC Davis IPM Home Page (California)
      • Clemson University Pest Management Handbook  -- click on "Irish Potatoes" for disease, weed, insect control recs.
      • Radcliffe's IPM World Textbook -- covers many crops
      • Vegetable Insects, Id. & Control (Clemson U.)


      Pacific Northwest:

      As noted above, potato insect control recommendations for the U.S. Pacific Northwest are available in the PNW Insect Management Handbook. Additional information on safety and proper pesticide use are are also provided. Control recommendations are for information only. OSU does not guarantee success and can not accept responsibility for consequences of use.

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      Related Websites

      The following sites provide a wide range of additional information on potato insects.
       

      •  Insects
      •  Integrated Pest Management
      •  Pesticides
      •  Organic Production
      •  Agrichemical Suppliers
      •  Production Management
      •  Potatoes, General


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      Weeds

      Go Often to the House of a Friend,
      For Weeds Soon Choke the Unused Path
      -- Anonymous

      Poor weed control reduces both yield and quality and can make harvest a nightmare. Fortunately, excellent potato weed control can be had through a combination of common-sense management practices and widely available herbicides. Herbicides can be applied before, at, or after planting, but first applications typically occur between planting and crop emergence. These are often followed by lay-by applications either as part of the final hilling/cultivation or shortly after. Lay-by applications are often not necessary in short-season areas or for early-harvested crops.

      Weed Images
      PNW Weed Control Recommendations
      Related Weed Websites

      Weed Images

      Images and related information for most weeds are available through Weed Images (Rutgers University), the UC IPM Home Page (Davis, California), and the WSSA (Weed Science Society of America). Additional information is available from various sources including Oregon Weeds.

      Because of geographical effects on control methods, most of the preceding sites limit coverage to weed pictures and descriptions. However, valuable information on herbicides and herbicide labels are available through the Weed Science Society of America at WSSA-Herb. Specific control recommendations for the Pacific Northwest are provided under PNW Weed Management Handbook, below.


      Weed Control Recommendations

      The  PNW Weed Management Handbook  is a valuable, searchable resource for weed management for all crops and non-cropped areas alike in the U.S. Pacific Northwest.  It also contains valuable information on herbicide application, safe handling and other considerations which should be beneficial to practitioners in all producing regions. For specific PNW potato recommendations, go to  PNW Potato Weed Management Handbook. Management recommendations for other areas is becoming increrasingly available at sites such as the  Clemson University Pest Management Handbook, Maine Pest Management Guide, Potato Production in Alberta, Ohioline and so on. See also "Related Websites", below.

      Because University recommendations are often outdated due to limited resources, be certain to check current labels before using any pesticide. Current labels are typically available at the following on-line sources:

      • CDMS--Agrichemical Database -- Links to virtually all companies and full text for most labels.
      • C&P Press Greenbook -- similar to above; excellent




      Related Weed Websites
       
      • Weeds
      • Noxious Weeds, Federal and State
      • Integrated Pest Management
      • Pesticides
      • Organic Production
      • Agrichemical Suppliers
      • Production Management
      • Potatoes, General


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