The Wonders of Gene Technology

• DNA Discovery
  • Watson/Crick/Franklin (Figure 3.1, 3.2, HERE)
• DNA Synthesis
  • DNA Polymerase (Figure 3.3, 3.4)
  • Chargaff and the 4 dNTPs (Figure 3.5)
  • PCR - Taq DNA polymerase
  • Retroviruses - reverse transcriptase (make DNA from RNA)
• Making Proteins
  • DNA to RNA to Protein (Figure 3.8, Figure 3.16, Figure 3.17)
    • Making RNA from DNA = transcription
      • RNA Polymerase
        • mRNA
        • tRNA
        • rRNA
    • Introns/exons/splicing
    • Making protein from RNA = translation
  • 20 amino acids
  • Genetic Code - triplets (64 codons)
    • Start codon = AUG
    • Stop codons = UAA, UAG, UGA
    • Universality
  • Ribosomes (Figure 3.18)
  • Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes (Figure 3.22)
  • Mutations
  • Recombination
  • Genes
• Tools
  • Plasmids (Figure 3.23)
  • Restriction enzymes (HERE)
  • Ligases (Figure 3.27)
  • Bacterial transformation (Figure 3.30)
  • DNA Synthesizers (Box 3.5)
• Applications
  • Making human proteins in bacteria (Figure 3.36)