Life Support Systems: Space Station Freedom

LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS: SPACE STATION FREEDOM (SSF)

During its life, the now defunct Space Station Freedom program was in a state of near perpetual redesign, forced by successive reductions in funding. This was reflected in many changes in the configuration of the Life Support systems. The final design before cancellation of the program was very much like that of the American life support systems to be deployed aboard the International Space Station.

REFERENCES
Adlehart, O.J., Rosso, M.J., Jr., and Marmolejo, J., A Fuel Cell Energy Storage System Concept for the Space Station Freedom Extravehicular Mobility Unit, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891582, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.
Arno, R.D., and Horkachuck, M.J., Research Centrifuge Accommodations on Space Station Freedom, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901304, presented at 20th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Bacskay, A.S., and DaLee, R.C., Space Station Freedom ECLSS Design Configuration: A Post Restructure Update, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911414, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Bagdigian, R.M., Traweek, M.S., Griffith, G.K., and Griffin, M.R., Phase III Integrated Water Recovery Testing at MSFC: Partially Closed Hygiene and Open Potable Loop Results and Lessons Learned, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911375, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, 1991.
Bagdigian, R.M., and Whitman, G.A., Phase III Integrated Testing at MSFC - Designs, Plans, and Protocols, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891554, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.
Barker, R.S., Russel, M.R., and Whitmer, L.R., Mathematical Modelling of a Four-Bed Molecular Sieve with CO2 and H2O Collection, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911470, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Beverly, W.D., Dandridge, R.E., and Proden, R.D., A Preliminary Heat Flow Analysis of the U.S. Laboratory and Habitation Modules, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891460, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.
Boehm, A.M., Colling, A.K., Heldmann, M.J., Steele, J.W., and Shaw, R.G., Space Station Water Processor: Current Flight Design, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 921112, presented 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Seattle, WA, July 13-16, 1992.
Boehm, A.M., Colling, A.K., and Dehner, G.F., Water Recovery and Management Subsystem for Space Station Freedom, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901420, presented at 20th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Boyda, R.B., Lee, M.G., and Grigger, D.J., Sabatier Carbon Dioxide Reduction System for Space Station Freedom, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 921189, presented 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Seattle, WA, July 13-16, 1992.
Buck, C.A., Space Station Freedom Airlock/Extravehicular Activity Operations, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901396, presented at 20th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Carrasquillo, R.L., Carter, D.L., Holder, D.W., Jr., McGriff, C.F., and Ogle, K.Y., ECLSS Regenerative Systems Comparative Testing and Subsystem Selection, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911415, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Chambliss, J., and Ewert, M., Modular, Thermal Bus-to-Radiator Integral Heat Exchanger Design for Space Station Freedom, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901435, presented at 20th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Cioletti, L.A., Mishra, S.K., Richard, E., Taylor, R., and Pierson, D.L., Microbiology Facilities Aboard Space Station Freedom (SSF), SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901262, presenated 20th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Davidson, M.W., Slivon, L., Sheldon, L., and Traweek, M., Space Station Freedom Water Recovery Test Total Organic Carbon Accountability, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911380, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Dunn, K.H., and Bulgajewski, P.J., Initial Accomplishments of the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) Atmosphere Revitalization (AR) Predevelopment Operational System Test (POST) for the Space Station Freedom (SSF), SAE Technical Paper Series No. 921186, presented 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Seattle, WA, July 13-16, 1992.
Gorensek, M.B., Baer-Peckham, D., Space Station Water Recovery Trade Study - Phase Change Technology, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 881015, presented 18th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 1989.
Gould, M.J., Assembly and Integration of the Space Station Freedom ECLSS, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 921260, presented 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Seattle, WA, July 13-16, 1992.
Helsing, R.A., and Horner, J.E., Space Station Freedom Active Internal Thermal Control System - A Descriptive Overview, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891458, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.
Holder, D.W., Jr., and Bagdigian, R.M., Phase III Integrated Water Recovery Testing at MSFC: Closed Hygiene and Potable Loop Test Results and Lesson Learned, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 921117, presented 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Seattle, WA, July 13-16, 1992.
Howard, S.G., and Miernik, J.H., An Analysis of Urine Pretreatment Methods for Use on Space Station Freedom, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911549, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Janik, D.S., Crump, W.J., Macler, B.A., Wydeven, T., and Sauer, R.L., Problems in Water Recycling for Space Station Freedom and Long Duration Life Support, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891539, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.
Johnson, C.C., and Hargens, A.R., Scientific Uses and Technical Implementation of a Variable Gravity Centrifuge on Space Station Freedom, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901360, presented at 20th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Kantara, J.J., Recommended Space Station Radiator Orientation Profile, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911343, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Kay, R., and Woodward, L., Space Station Freedom Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891449, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.
Larkins, J.T., Wagner, R.C., and Gopikanth, M.L., A Space Station Utility - Static Feed Electrolyzer, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 860920, presented 16th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 14-16, 1986.
Larkins, J.T., and Kovach, A.J., Static Feed Electrolysis System for Space Station O2 and H2 Generation, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 851339, presented 15th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-17, 1985.
Link, D.E., Jr., Gaseous Trace Contaminant Modelling for the Space Station Freedom Man Tended Capability Configuration, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 921229, presented 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Seattle, WA, July 13-16, 1992.
McCormack, P.D., Radiation Dose Prediction for Space Station, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 860924, presented 16th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 14-16, 1986.
Marsh, R.W., Grabowski, N.A., and Steele, J.W., Space Station Condensing Heat Exchanger Biofilm Formation and Control Evaluation, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 921383, presented 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Seattle, WA, July 13-16, 1992.
Miernik, J.H., Shah, B.H., and McGriff, C.F., Waste Water Processing Technology for Space Station Freedom: Comparative Test Data Analysis, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911416, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Minemoto, M., Etoh, T., Ida, H., Hatano, S., Kamishima, N., and Kita, Y., Study of Air Revitalization for Space Station, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891576, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.
Murray, R.P., A Gas-Bearing Compressor System for Space Station Airlock Gas Recovery, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891606, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.
Obenhuber, D.C., Huff, T.L., Rodgers, E.B., Microbial Biofilm Studies of the Environmental Control and Life Support System Water Recovery Test for Space Station Freedom, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911378, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Otsuki, F., Suzuki, T., Yamaguchi, N., Hattori, A., Yoshida, Y., and Iwasaki, H., Status of JEM ECLSS Design, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901209, presented at 20th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Putnam, D.F., Michalek, W.F., and Van Pelt, T., Space Station Hygiene Water Reclamation by Multifiltration, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911553, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Raetz, J., and Dominick, J., Space Station External Thermal Control System Design and Operational Overview, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 921106, presented 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Seattle, WA, July 13-16, 1992.
Rethke, D.W., and Steele, J.W., Collection and Containment of Solid Human Waste for Space Station, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901393, presenated 20th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Roberts, B.C., Carrasquillo, R.L., DuBiel, M.Y., Ogle, K.Y., Perry, J.L., and Whitley, K.M., Phase III Simplified Integrated Test (SIT) Results: Space Station ECLSS Testing, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901252, presenated 20th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Rocktoff, J., The Impact of the Water Recovery & Management (WRM) Subsystem Wastewater Recovery Efficiency Upon the Space Station Freedom ECLSS Water Balance, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891482, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.
Roman, M.C., Wilson, M.E., Jackson, N.E., Gauthier, J.J., Kilgore, B.A., Huff, T.L., Obenhuber, D.C., and Terrell, D.W., Microbial Distribution in the Environmental Control and Life Support System Water Recovery Test Conducted at NASA, MSFC, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911377, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Sauer, R.L., Ramanathan, R., Straub, J.E., and Schultz, J.R., Water Quality Program Elements for Space Station Freedom, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911400, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.
Springer, D., Space Station Environment Control and Life Support System Test Facility at Marshall Space Flight Center, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891555, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.
Switzer, K.L., Space Station Freedom Airlock Outfitting to Support Extravehicular Activity (EVA), SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901321, presented at 20th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Wilson, J.L., and Lawson, B.M., Investigation into Venting and Non-venting Technologies for the Space Station Freedom Extravehicular Activity Life Support System, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901446, presenated 20th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Woodward, L., and Kay, R., Space Station Freedom Postdevelopment Operational System Test (POST) Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901392, presenated 20th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, VA, July 9-12, 1990.
Zdankiewicz, E.M., and Chu, J., Phase Change Water Recovery for Space Station - Parametric Testing and Analysis, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 860986, presented 16th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 14-16, 1986.
Zdankiewicz, E.M., and Price, D.F., Phase Change Water Processing for Space Station, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 851346, presented 15th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 1985.

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Copyright © 1996, James E. Atwater