Viruses, Antibodies and Vaccines

• Viruses
  • Borrowed life (Figure 5.5)
    • Dependence on host
    • Lytic vs. Non-lytic cycle
    • RNA viruses
      • Measles
      • Rabies
      • HIV (retrovirus)
      • Influenza
      • Polio
    • DNA viruses
      • Papovaviruses
      • Smallpox
      • Adenovirus
  • Cell entry (Figure 5.6)
    • Viral proteins
      • Polymerase
        • Reverse transcriptase (for retroviruses)
      • Coat proteins
  • General strategies for fighting viruses
    • Immune system
    • Enzyme inhibitors
      • HIV (Box 5.1)
    • RNAi
  • Detection
    • HIV
      • Viral antibodies
        • ELISA (Figure 5.20)
        • Rapid test (Box 5.2)
      • Nucleic acid tests
• Immune System
  • Terms
    • Antibodies (Box 5.3)
      • Light chains
      • Heavy chains
      • Constant regions
      • Variable regions
      • For research (Box 5.6)
        • Monoclonal (Figure 5.23)
    • Antigens (Figure 5.10)
      • Epitopes
    • Macrophages
    • Memory Cells
    • T-Cells
    • B-Cells
  • Humoral Response
    • Soluble
      • Antibodies (from B-cells)
  • Cellular Response
    • T-Cells
      • MHC Class I (presents peptides on dying cells)
      • MHC Class II (presents peptides on
      • Cytotoxic T-Cells (CD8 protein) (Figure on p. 150)
        • Seek MHC Class I presentations, kill cells
      • Helper T-cells (CD4 Protein)
        • Seek MHC Class II presentations to stimulate proliferation of B-cells specific to antigen
• Vaccinations
  • Smallpox
    • Jenner (cowpox) (Figure 5.15)
  • Modern
    • Toxoids (neutralized toxic extracts)
      • Protein (tetanus)
      • Bacteria/virus (cholera, polio, typhoid)
      • Attenuated (weakened) pathogens (Rubella/measles)
      • Genetically engineered (Hepatitis B virus)
      • Live vaccines (Rabies)
  • Catalytic antibodies (Figure 5.26)
  • Recombinant antibodies
    • Herceptin
    • Magic bullets