Anatlytical Biotechnology and the Human Genome

• Introduction
  • Diabetes tests
    • Glucose oxidase
• Biosensors
  • Insulin
    • Boccaccio (Figure 10.6)
    • Butterflies (Figure 10.5)
    • Single-use chip glucose oxidase (Figure 10.7)
    • Reusable (Figure 10.8)
  • Microbial sensors
    • Yeast detection of organic pollution (Figure 10.11)
      • BOD tests in 5 minutes versus 5 days
  • Immunological Pregnancy Tests
    • Frog/toad test
    • HCG - stimulates progesterone secretion
      • ELISA
      • Test strips
  • HIV Tests
    • Antibodies
      • Disadvantage of delay - 4-6 weeks before produced
    • PCR
  • Myocardial Infarction Tests
    • Creatine kinase
    • Fatty acid binding protein
  • Point of Care Testing
    • C-reactive protein
    • Infection indicators
      • Procalcitonin (bacterial)
      • Neopterin (viral)
• DNA Analyses
  • Size determination by gel electrophoresis (Figures 10.18, 10.20, 10.21)
  • Genetic fingerprinting
    • RFLPs
      • Jefferson's family
    • SNPs
    • Sample preparation (Figure 10.23)
  • PCR (Figure 10.25)
  • DNA sequence determination (Figure 10.27) (Figure 10.38) (Figure 10.39)
  • Southern blotting (Figure 10.29)
  • FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization)
• Genomics
  • Human Genome Project
    • Contig vs Shotgun methods
  • Paternal lines - Y chromosome markers (Box 10.3)
  • Maternal lines - mitochondrial DNA (Box 10.7)
• Pharmacogenomics
• DNA/gene chips (Box 10.9)
• Proteomics
  • 2D gels (Figure 10.51)
  • MALDI-TOF
• The Tree of Biotechnology (Figure p. 330)