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Philosophical Frameworks
Knowledge is negligible
Some
people believe that "there is some absolute truth," others
say that "there are no absolute truths," the real story is
that we just do not know. Moreover, we cannot know. Human knowledge
is limited and the best we can ever say is that some claims are more
probable than other claims. We might even say that some claims are very
probably true, but that is different from saying that we know
them for certain. We cannot be certain about anything. The
human condition is basically a state of ignorance. Everything is open
to doubt. For example, it is possible that everything I am experiencing
now is a vivid dream from which I will soon wake up. That may not sound
very plausible, but there is no way to prove it false, so it remains
possible. A lot of what we take to be knowledge depends on our senses.
But our senses can be fooled. In the desert, people see mirages. Most
people have probably seen a kind of mirage on the highway in summer.
Way up ahead, there appears to be a large pool of water on the road.
Little children are surprised when they get to the spot and the "water"
has vanished. These are just a few examples of the many ways we can
be tricked into thinking something exists or is real when it is only
an illusion (or appearance). If we are to have any genuine knowledge,
we have to be able to distinguish appearance from reality. There is
no completely reliable way to so because we can always be mistaken.
Genuine knowledge is forever out of our grasp. Of course, science provides
a sound method for approximating truth. By scientific study we can determine
what is most probable. But a necessary part of science is that every
claim it makes is open to doubt. People used to believe that the earth
was flat. We believe it is round. Science gives us some good reasons
to think so, but it is possible that another theory will come along
and show that the earth is a four-dimensional hypersphere instead of
a round ball. The case is never closed on any issue, doubt is always
possible, and final knowledge is forever out of our grasp. This view
will probably upset people who believe in "an absolute truth" and
people who believe "there is no absolute truth." After all, both claim
to know something. But the only thing we can know is
that we know nothing.
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