Hofstede, G. (1986).  Cultural differences in teaching and learning.International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10, 302-320.

Hofstede conceptualized four dimensions of cultural variability:
individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and
masculinity-femininity. The author applied these four dimensions to
cross-cultural differences in teacher-student roles and teaching and
learning styles. Understanding these cross-cultural differences in
educational expectations can assist teachers in improving student
interaction.

5 questions
1. What is the dominant American culture patterns?
2. Do you think formality-informality, time, and context can be added to
Hofstede’s theory?
3.  According to Hofstede’s four dimensions of cultural variability, what
the U.S. could be ranked? (individualism-collectivism, low ­ high power
distance, low-high uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity-femininity)
4. Why “culture” has so much influences for our lives?
5. If teachers and students come from the different cultural background,
what possible problems that will occur and how these two groups solve these
problems?

Submitted by Wilawan Waropas


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