History
Risks to Forests
Symptoms and Identification
   On Oak & Tanoak
   On Other Hosts
How P. ramorum is spread
Regulated Hosts

Introduction (continued)

How Phytophthora ramorum Is Spread

Like other Phytophthora species, Phytophthora ramorum can spread over short and long distances. It spreads over short distances by movement of:

• Spores in plant material, soil, potting media, and water
• Sporangia on air currents
• Spores on muddy shoes, tires, and equipment.

Nursery plants infected with Phytophthora ramorum have carried the pathogen across much of the United States.

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