Gene Expression Regulation Outline
Notes HERE

Highly expressed pancreas and liver genes (Table 31.1)

Prokaryotes

Sequences, Proteins, and Regulation

• Lac regulatory site (HERE)
• lac repressor/DNA interaction (HERE)
• Helix-Turn-Helix (HERE) / Beta Strands & DNA (HERE)
• B-galactosidase induction in cell (HERE)
• B-galactosidase catalytic action on lactose (HERE) / Action on X-Gal (HERE)
• Operons (HERE)
• lac repressor structure (HERE)
• Allolactose HERE / IPTG HERE
• lac operon repressed HERE / lac operon induced HERE
• E. coli binding sites (HERE)
• CAP binding (HERE and HERE)

Attenuation

• trp mRNA structure (HERE)
• Attenuation scheme - Termination with plenty of Trp (HERE) / No Termination - low Trp (HERE)
• Leader peptide sequences (HERE)

Eukaryotes

• Chromatin 'beads on a string' (HERE)
• Nucleosome core particle (HERE / HERE / HERE)
• Histone structural similarities (HERE)
• Higher order chromatin structure (HERE)
• Structures - Leucine Zipper HERE / Zinc Finger HERE
• Mediator HERE
• Enhancer binding sites (HERE)
• Specificity of enhancer action (HERE)
• DNA Methylation slows transcription - Methylcytosine (HERE)
• Hormones and gene expression - estradiol (HERE) / All-trans-retinoic acid and thyroxine (HERE)
• Nuclear hormone receptor
  • Domains (HERE)
  • Ligand binding affects structure (HERE)
  • Coactivator Recruitment (HERE)
  • Tamoxifen/raloxifene structures HERE
  • Estrogen receptor - tamoxifen complex (HERE)
• Altering chromatin structure
  • Histone acetyltransferase catalytic activity HERE
  • Bromodomain proteins (HERE)
  • Chromatin remodeling (HERE)

Translational Regulation in Animals

• Ferritin structure (HERE)
• Iron response element (HERE)
• Transferrin receptor mRNA (HERE)
• IRE-BP (HERE)
• Small RNAs - microRNA action - HERE