Regulatory Strategies - Enzymes and Hemoglobin

Allosterism and ATCase

• ATCase overview HERE and HERE
• CTP inhibition HERE
  
• Sigmoidal kinetics HERE
• Cysteine modification HERE
• ATCase in the centrifuge HERE
• ATCase structure HERE
• PALA (an inhibitor) HERE
• PALA & T-R States HERE
• R-T state equilibrium HERE
• CTP and the T-State HERE / CTP Kinetic Effect HERE
• ATP Kinetic Effect HERE
• MWC (concerted) model quantitation HERE
• Sequential model HERE

Protein kinase A

• cAMP HERE
• Regulation HERE

Covalent Modification of Enzymes

• Covalent modifiers of protein activity HERE
• Acetylated lysine HERE
• Phosphorylation
  • Protein kinase action HERE
  • Serine/threonine kinases HERE
• Dephosphorylation
  • Protein phosphatase HERE
  • Energy considerations HERE
• Zymogens
  • Secretion from pancreas HERE
  • Examples HERE
  • Chymotrypsinogen
    • Activation HERE
    • Conformations HERE
  • Master activation step HERE
  • Trypsin inhibitor HERE
  • Methionine oxidation HERE
  • Blood clotting
    • Cascade scheme HERE
    • Fibrinogen structure HERE
    • Fibrin polymerization HERE
    • Transglutaminase reaction HERE
    • Pro-clotter and anti-clotters HERE
    • Calcium binding by prothrombin HERE / Gamma-carboxyglutamate HERE
    • TPA
      • Structure HERE
      • Before and after treatment HERE