Japanese Stone Pine, Dwarf Siberian Pine             PI-nus PU-mi-la

• Conifer, evergreen shrub, more or less prostrate, lacking a main stem, about 2-10 ft (0.5-3 m) high, similar width.  Leaves (needles), 5 per bundle, very densely arranged, 4-7(10) cm long, more or less appressed to the branch, margins widely serrate, very blue green above due to 5-6 conspicuous stomatal lines, dark green below without stomatal lines.  Male cones (flowers) deep red, conspicuous; female cones grouped several together, nearly terminal, 3.5-4.5 cm long, about 2.5 cm wide, purple-violet when young, reddish or yellowish-brown when ripe.
• Sun.
• Hardy to USDA Zone 5 (sometimes listed as low as 1)     Native to Japan, Manchuria, N. Korea, N. Mongolia, Siberia east from Yenisey River, China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, at 1000-2300 m elevation).
• pumila: dwarf.