Jeffrey Pine, Bull Pine, Western Yellow Pine       PI-nus jef-REE-i

• Conifer, evergreen, large, 80 to 140 ft (24-43 m) high, straight crown, open, spreading branches.   Bark purplish-brown, thick, furrowed into narrow, scaly plates.  The crushed twigs have a pleasant odor, some liken the scent to lemons and vanilla, others to violets, pineapple, or apples.   Needles are in bundles of 3, occasionally 2, 5 to 11 inches (13-28 cm) long, dark blue-green, often twisted, persisting 5 to 8 years.  Female cones, large, 6 to 10 inches (15-25 cm) long, conical or egg-shaped, almost stalkless, cone scales have a prominent recurved prickle.
• Sun.  Best in well-drained, gravelly to sandy, moist soil.
• Hardy to USDA Zone 6          Native to south-central Cascade Mountains in Oregon, southward through the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California and extreme western Nevada, also found in northern Baja California.
• Often confused with Pinus ponderosa, several characteristics given to distinguish between the two species.
• jeffreyi: after John Jeffrey, Scottish botanical explorer who collected seeds and plants in Oregon and California for introduction into Scotland.