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College of Liberal Arts

Pre-Law

Information for OSU students interested in pursuing a legal career

Table of Contents

  • Exploring
    • Law school overview - is it for me?
    • How to choose a law school?
    • Academic preparation for law school
  • Applying
    • Admissions Statistics - the OSU profile
    • Anticipated timeline for a 4 year academic plan
    • Applications
      • LSAT and preparation
      • LSDAS and transcripts
      • Personal Statements
      • Letter of Recommendation
      • Resumes and Addendums
  • Resources
    • On-campus
    • On-line
      • Information regarding regionally popular law schools
      • Financial aid
      • General law school information
      • Information about traditionally underrepresented students in law school

Exploring:
Law School overview - is it for me?
Law school is very different than most undergraduate institutions. While law school students learn to become better thinkers, writers, and speakers, law school is not an extension of an undergraduate degree program. 
Here are a few ways that law school differs from undergraduate education:

  • Focus: Studies in law school will be more focused, all classes being law-related and including very few electives.
  • Teaching Method: Many law schools utilize the Socratic Method, meaning students will be required to comprehend a large amount of information regarding legal cases and will be called upon regularly in the classroom. This case method is very effective at testing a student's ability to synthesize information and apply it to new situations.
  • Grades: Grades are based almost exclusively on one final exam and students will not see any type of evaluation until the end of the term.

There is no standard curriculum for all law schools.  Although most law schools cover similar topics within the first year of schooling - civil procedure, constitutional law, contracts, criminal law and criminal procedure, legal methods, legal writing and research, property law, and torts - all have unique faculty and research emphasis.

How to Choose a Law School?
Many students rely on national rankings and or regional proximity when choosing a law school.  However, it is also important for students to research all appropriate law schools and consider their own career aspirations when making this important decision.

Gather information  -  

  • Attend the quarterly Career Fair and speak face-to-face with representatives from regional law schools.
  • Use the law school links on the Law School Admission Council's (LSAC) website to view detailed information about all accredited law schools within the United States.  This website includes information on courses, cost, financial aid, and applications form.  Contact information for each school is provided.  http://www.lsac.org/
  • Review The Official Guide to ABA-Approved Law Schools, which contains descriptions of all accredited legal programs. This resource is available from the OSU Pre-Law Advisor, in Valley Library reference section, and online at: http://officialguide.lsac.org/
  • Conduct informational interviews with current law students, practicing attorneys, and faculty members to obtain information about the programs you are considering.
  • If possible, visit law schools you are interested in, meet current students, and observe classes.

Decide where to apply -
Consider the following factors when making your application decisions.

  • Admission considerations: Evaluate the entering class profiles for law schools you are interested in, noting their student's average grade point average and LSAT scores. How do you compare? Consider applying to your "dream schools", other schools where you will most likely be competitive, and "safety schools" where you know you will be admitted. Most students apply to more than 4 schools.
  • Diversity of student body and faculty
  • Financial Considerations (tuition, fees, books, room and board, scholarship opportunities)
  • Location (you will be living there for three years. Like will be better if you like it)
  • Availability of classes in your areas of interest
  • Career services and placement rates
  • Campus facilities (housing, library, classrooms)
  • Faculty (legal training, areas of interest, accessibility, diversity)
  • Extracurricular activities (Law Review, moot court, student clubs)
  • Academic programs (clinical opportunities, joint degree offerings, study abroad options)

Academic Preparation for Law School
The "Major" Question
There is no required major for law schools. Law schools accept majors from all majors.  Find a major you like and excel in it.  Grade point average is such a strong determining factor in the admissions process you want to major in something you will succeed in.  What counts is the intensity and depth of your undergraduate program and your capacity to perform well at an academically rigorous level.

What courses to take?
There is no prerequisite coursework for law school.  Plan on taking courses which challenge you and develop strong skills in writing, reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, systematic problem solving, and oral presentation and/or debate.

Grade Point Average (GPA)
GPA is one of the most important determining factors in applying to law school.  Law schools will review your overall cumulative GPA from all undergraduate institutions you have attended and will also calculate a yearly GPA.  All courses completed at the college level will be calculated into the GPA, not just those taken within the major.

If your GPA is not as high as you would like it to be, all is not lost.  Demonstrating continued academic success will help you in the admissions process.  Improvement over time reflects your ability to work hard and also grasp increasingly difficult material throughout your college career. 

S/U Grading
Be selective when using the S/U option and whenever possible choose courses that engage your interests and take them for letter grades.

The LSDAS converts "U" to an "F" and calculates it into your GPA as a zero.

An "S" is given no value and is not factored into the GPA.

Applying to Law School:
The OSU Profile

Who applies to law school at OSU?
At Oregon State University, students from all undergraduate colleges on campus apply to law school and are successfully admitted.   The typical student has a 3.23 gpa and receives about a 153 on the LSAT.  More males apply to law school than females (61% versus 39%) and this statistic is opposite of what you will find in most law school entering classes.  Women comprise the majority of most law schools these days. 

Approximately 63% of students that apply are admitted to a law school and these students tend to have at least a 3.3 gpa and obtain a 156 or higher on the LSAT.   The majority of applicants come from the College of Liberal Arts, followed by the Colleges of Business and Science.  The five most common majors for applicants from Oregon State University are political science, history, sociology, psychology, and business administration.

Anticipated Timeline for a 4 year academic plan 
             First and Second Years:

  • Choose a balanced, diversified, challenging, and interesting course of study; especially classes that encourage logical reasoning and good writing skills overall
  • Try to develop personal relationships with one or two faculty members who may provide future letters of recommendation
  • Excel in classes and try to build an outstanding undergraduate record and grade point average
  • Participate in extracurricular activities, volunteer opportunities, and school-related internships that can build skills

            Third Year:

  • Explore the legal field
  • Obtain the LSAT and LSDAS Registration and Information booklet from CLA Advising, Political Science Department, or Career Services
  • Register with the LSDAS
  • Order unofficial transcripts and review for any discrepancies
  • Start requesting letters of recommendation
  • Start investigating law schools and reviewing admissions materials
  • Begin writing personal statement
  • Allow 4-6 weeks to prepare for the LSAT

             Fall/Winter Fourth Year:

  • Take the October LSAT; receive LSAT score 2-3 weeks after the test
  • Review law school choices in light of LSAT score
  • Register for Feb. LSAT if necessary
  • Order official transcripts
  • Finalize personal statement
  • Request financial aid information from law schools

             Winter/Spring Fourth Year:

  • Take the Feb. LSAT if necessary
  • Contact law schools to see if applications are complete
  • Evaluate admissions offers
  • Thank letter writers and inform them of plans

 Applications

What makes up a complete law school application?

Individual law school applications
Almost all law schools' applications are accessible online.  You can either download the application directly from law schools' websites or request that they send you one.  Usually, if the application is available online, law schools would like you to use it rather than a paper application.

Another option for obtaining applications is to use the Law School Admission Council's LSACD on the Web.  All LSDAS registrants with LSAC online accounts have free access to electronic applications for all ABA-approved law schools.

The LSACD on the Web is a time-saving way to apply to multiple law schools.  The LSACD's common-information form can save you time by allowing you to answer basic questions only once - the program will place your answers in the appropriate spot in every application you select.  The LSACD allows you to attach your personal statements, resumes, and other written information electronically

LSAT
All law schools approved by the American Bar Association require applicants to take the Law School Admission Test (LSAT), a 3.5 hour standardized test.  Law schools use the LSAT score as an integral part of the application, weighting it either equal to or heavier than cumulative GPA. Comprehensive information regarding the LSAT exam, its components, and scores can be located at: http://www.lsac.org/

Oregon State University students are recommended to take the LSAT exam in October of their fourth (or senior) year.  This test date is very amenable to the quarter-based academic calendar and allows students to retake the exam the following February if necessary.  Please note: students are encouraged to take the LSAT once if possible. Many schools will average multiple scores and/or only take the second score if it is significantly higher than the first. Prepare for the exam and do well on it the first time.

Preparing for the LSAT

Since the LSAT is a very important factor in admissions decisions, preparing in advance for it is crucial.  Most students start preparing for the LSAT at least 4-6 weeks prior to their test date.  People prepare in different ways, depending on the manner in which they learn best and their financial situation.  The LSAC does not recommend students enroll in a particular review course, or even that a course be taken. This is an individual matter.  Many take a review course; others do not.  There is extensive study material provided through www.lsac.org including suggested approaches to questions, explanations, and LSAT Prep Tests.

Register for the LSAT online at www.lsac.org

LSDAS
LSDAS stands for Law School Data Assembly Service.  It is a service administered by the Law School Admission Council (the same organization that administers the LSAT) that standardizes your grades and sends them as a part of a report to the law schools you want to attend.  Almost all American Bar Association approved law schools require applicants to use the LSDAS.  Your LDSAS subscription is good for 12 months, so sign up for it just in advance of the time period in which you will apply to law schools.

Sign up for LSDAS at www.lsac.org

The LSDAS report
The LSDAS facilitates the law school admissions process by compiling and disseminating most parts of the law school admission application.  The LSDAS report contains:

  • LSAT scores and writing sample
  • LSDAS GPA
  • Copies of all transcript(s), including all undergraduate coursework taken at other institutions
  • Copies of letters or recommendation processed by the LSDAS

What is a LSDAS GPA?
Because of the wide range of grading systems used by US colleges and universities, the LSDAS converts records into a standard format. Your LSDAS GPA may be different from your OSU GPA especially if you took classes at other colleges or universities.

Transcripts
Send all college transcripts to the LSDAS.  Once you send a copy of all transcripts to LSDAS, it sends a copy of your transcripts to each law school you apply to.  Each transcript you send to the LSDAS must be accompanied by a LSDAS transcript request form, available through the LSAC.

To request your official OSU transcript, contact the Office of the Registrar.  For transcripts from other institutions, contact their Registrars.

Start your LSDAS subscription without your senior year fall grades.  Once your fall grades are posted, forward a copy of your updated transcript to the LSDAS that will send a new report to the schools to which you've applied.

Letters of recommendation
Letters of recommendation are required for almost every law school application and are considered a very important part of the application process.  Although LSAT score and GPA are weighted more heavily in the admissions decisions, excellent letters of recommendation could be a deciding factor between you and another similarly ranked student.  Letters of recommendation can strengthen your application and help to defuse potential weaknesses.  Most law schools require two or three letters of recommendation.

             Choosing your references

  • Someone who knows you well
  • Someone with the title "Professor"
  • Someone who is a professor at the school granting your baccalaureate degree
  • Someone with an advanced degree who has supervised you in a meaningful job or internship
  • Someone who has academically evaluated you in an upper-division class
  • Note: law schools discourage letters from friends, political figures, judges and the like. Including letters like this might be detrimental to your application

            Getting a good letter of reference

  • Ask Early - Professors and supervisors want to help you succeed and are pleased to write on your behalf but they are also involved in many different activities. Be courteous of their time and approach them at least two months in advance of when you need the letter
  • Provide Information - You can help your references write a good letter by giving them a portfolio that includes the following:  
    • A cover letter that includes your contact information, what you would like emphasized in the letter, a list of schools you are applying to and their application deadlines, and appreciation of their time and effort
    • Recommendation forms in which you have completed applicant information, the recommender's name, title, and contact information. If you are using the LSDAS provide the recommender with their official Letter of Recommendation form
    • An unofficial transcript
    • A draft of your personal statement
    • A resume
    • Stamped and addressed enveloped to send letters directly to the LSDAS

Personal Statement
Your personal statement is a crucial part of your application, displaying your ability to write clearly and intelligently.  It is also an opportunity to tell the admissions committee something about yourself beyond your LSAT score and GPA.  Most law schools have their own guidelines and topics for the personal statement, but most require that you draw upon information from your academic and personal background, work experience, and extracurricular activities.

Getting Started

  • Gather information about yourself - work, school, community involvement; volunteer opportunities and projects you have participated in, and unique talents and interests.
  • Consider how you would want to discuss personal challenges and experiences, including travel, disability, and goals you have accomplished

What to say

  • Follow the directions outlined by each school.
  • Discuss why you want to study law and have a particular interest in each school
  • Tailor your statement for the school to which you are applying but avoid emphasizing this over your experiences, attributes, and goals

The best statements follow the school's instructions but are also tied together by a theme and a logical progression of ideas.  They employ perfect grammar and are written in a clear, direct fashion that avoids pretentious language.  The statement should not be a list of your accomplishments but an essay that describes a unique episode or two from your experience that demonstrate your motivation for pursuing a legal career along with positive and interesting aspects of your personality.

Unless otherwise indicated, a personal statement should be no more than 2 pages, double-spaced.

Including a resume
Do not include a resume if the application expressly says not to.  If there are no instructions regarding resumes, only include one if the resume includes relevant information that is not addressed somewhere else in the application.  If you decide to include it, tailor the resume to the law school, highlighting relevant work and extra curricular experiences as well as appropriate skills. 

The addendum
Addendums are used my applicants to clarify weaknesses in the application.  This allows a student to provide additional information to the admissions committee without having to include the information on the personal statement.  Students often use an addendum to explain why their GPA or LSAT score is not an accurate representation of their abilities or aptitude in law school.  If using an addendum, be brief and sincere, focusing on how a similar weakness would not occur again.

Resources:
On-Campus

College of Agricultural Sciences

  • Tjodie Richardson, Department Head Advisor for Agricultural Business Management and Environmental Economics
    tjrichardson@oregonstate.edu
    541-737-1399

College of Business

University Honors College

College of Liberal Arts

Student Affairs

 

Online

  • Financial Aid for Law School
     
  • General Law School Information

    • Law School Admission Council: information about and registration for the LSAT and LSDAS, purchasing the LSACD and other products, plus downloadable forms like the LSAT/LSDAS Fee Waiver, the LSAT/LSDAS Registration & Information Book, and more.
    • Official Guide to ABA-Approved Law Schools. This website lets you use ABA and LSAC data to search for law schools based on GPA/LSAT, tuition, bar passage rate, location, employment, and grants/scholarships.
    • Legal Education section for the American Bar Association. This site has links to other state bar associations, ABA law schools, the essay on Preparation for Legal Education, how to purchase The Official Guide to ABA-Approved Law Schools, 2003 Edition, and more.
    • Deans Speak Out (LSAC). Find out why 186 law school deans want you to do more than look at "rankings" to assess their schools. Included is a comprehensive list of items that every serious pre-law applicant needs to consider in selecting a law school.
    • Internet Legal Resource Guide. A categorized index of more than 4000 select websites in 238 nations, islands, and territories, as well as more than 850 locally stored web pages and downloadable files. This site was established to serve as a comprehensive resource of the information available on the Internet concerning law and the legal profession, with an emphasis on the USA.
    • National Association for Law Placement. "Since 1971, NALP has served as the premier source of information for legal career planning and recruitment. NALP's mission is to meet the needs of all participants in the legal employment process for information, coordination and standards." There is also a very informative pre-law student section.
  • Traditionally underrepresented students

Webapage and research funded by The L.L. Stewart Faculty Development Fund, OSU Foundation, Corvallis, Oregon.